Autrice: Astrid Jamar
Iyi blog, yateguwe hishimikijwe ibice bimwe bimwe vy’inyandiko yanditse mururimi rw’igifaransa- Gucapa ku mupaka yanditswe na Astrid Jamar, Christelle Balegamire, na Jean Paul Nizigiyimana. Yashizwe mu kirundi na Clément Basabose.
Gucapa kunkengera z’umupaka w’Uburundi na Congo- Bitwigisha iki ?Mu kiringo c’amezi atandatu arangiye, mukugerageza gutahura ibijanye no gushira ahabona ubumenyi bwo kwigisha amahoro, na canecane gutahura intambamyi zibiri zifatanye navyo inherent challenges arizo ubusumbasumbane bw’ububasha hagati y’abantu n’ibihugu hamwe no gusumbanisha ubumenyi ufatiye kurukoba rw’abashakashatsi knowledge extractivism. twakoresheje ubuhinga bwo gucapa. Muri rusangi, intumbero ni ukwiyumvira ubuhinga, bunyuranye n’ubusanzwe bukoreshwa mukwigisha amahoro bushira imbere cane ivyiyumviro mvamakungu peace education, bwokoreshwa mukwigisha amahoro mukarere gakikije umupaka ugabura Uburundi na Congo.
Muri iki kibanza c’uguhanahana ivyiyumviro no kwiyumvirira hamwe, turiko turasuzuma twongera duhakana ivyiyumviro bitegekanya ukuntu kwubaka amahoro bikorwa mugukoresha inkikiro kubijanye n’insiguro yo gushaka gutandukanya abantu ubwabo badafise ibibaranga bigaragara, kubijanye n’amareta n’ibihugu, kujabuka umupaka, kuduga kw’amazi ya Tanganyika, umwuzure udasanzwe hamwe n’urukwegakwegane ruvuye kurugwo rusobangane rw’imigwi y’abantu hamwe n’ukubura umutekano n’intambara mukarere gakikije umupaka. Ariko uku guhanahana ivyiyumviro bitwigisha iki ? Dusigaranye iki dufatiye kuvyo twigiye hamwe? Ni gute twokwishimikiza ibi twiyumviririye hamwe kugire umugambi tuwushikane kuntambwe ikurikira, ni ukuvuga kwiyumvira ku kukuntu twokoresha ivyavuye muri ubu bushakashatsi bw’ibanze kunteguro y’ivyigwa mumashure?
Amashusho uhereje hejuru ibubafu uja iburyo: Ikarata yaho inzuzi zica kumpande zibiri z’umupaka w’uburundi na Congo, ifoto ya Rusizi hifashishijwe indege, ifoto yacu turi mukibanza cahasanzwe ari parikingi y’imiduga huzuye amazi muri parike ya Rusizi.
Gukoresha ugushushanya/ gucapa mu gusuzuma ukwo tuzi ivyo tuzi
Kuber’iki twibaza ku gushira ahabona ubumenyi? Narabaye cane mubiyago bivuga kumahoro hamwe n’intambara hafi imyaka 20. Ubu hasa n’ahariko haraba guhuriza kw’abahinga bo mumakaminuza yuko imigambi y’igisha ivyerekeye gutsimabata amahoro peace interventions yananiwe bivuye yuko yiyumvirwa nk’iminyaburayi. Kugera ubu, iyo migambi yitwako iza gutabara intambara yose itegurwa cokimwe kandi ninayo ibandanya kwerekana inzira ibisata vy’inzego zitandukanye biza gutorera inyishu intambara mubihugu. Nagumye nsubiramwo kwerekana utunenge twavuye mu busesanguzi bwimbitse bufatiye kukuntu gutsimbataza amahoro hamwe n’ubutungane bw’inyuma y’intambara bwiyumvirwa n’abantu bari kure y’intambara- bitandukanye nukwo abayibayemwo biyumvira- ncishije mumakaminuza menshi n’inzego zifata ingingo ku migabane y’isi itandukanye. Ubushakashatsi bwanje kenshi na kenshi ntibwabeshuzwa, ariko bwegezwa inyuma hishimikijwe yuko buterekana izindi nzira zogutora umuti.
Nkuko abaharanira agateka k’abakenyezi badashikiye iyo ngendo mvamahanga babandanije bavyerekana, hariho izindi nzira zo kubaho, izindi nzira zo kumenya, zo gukinga kugirira nabi abandi kandi busanzwe bukoreshwa muri ubwo burere buberamwo intambara. Ahukwo hobandanya herekanwa gusa uburyo bundi, vyoba vyiza yuko tuja kukivi mugikorwa co gusubira gusuzuma ivyo tuzi, re-assessing what we know, ukwo tubizi, ivyo dushimikirako mugukora ivyigwa hamwe nabo tubikorana- hanyuma tubandanye gutunganya ibiganiro vyerekeye amahoro n’intambara dukoresheje uburyo nkubu bwo kwiyumvirira hamwe.
Nk’umugwi w’aba Fluid Borders, twifashishije uburyo bwo gucapa mugushaka kwinjira muri ubwo buryo bwinshi kandi butandukanye bwo ‘kubaho no gutahura isi,’ harimwo inzira zitandukanye zo kwiyumvira urukwegakwegane hagati y’imibiri yacu, ibidukikije, intambara, hamwe n’amahoro hafi y’umupaka wa Congo n’Uburundi. Kuva muri Nzero gushika muri Rusama 2023, twakoze amakoraniro 14 hirya no hino y’umupaka kumpande za Uvira na Gatumba twiyumvira kubintu bikurikira: Imbibe n’ubutandukane bw’abantu, Gatumba nk’izinga, Ibiranga umuntu kumupaka w’ibihugu, Abakozi bo kumupaka w’ibihugu, Imyemerere y’abantu kubijanye n’itandukaniro hagati y’abagabo n’abagore twishimikije imigani y’ikirundi, n’ibindi- ibicapo hamwe n’insiguro munyandiko tubisanga on Flickr.
Guhangana n’inguvu zishimikiye k’ubusumbasumbane bw’ububasha no gusumbanisha ubumenyi ufatiye kurukoba dukoresheje guhindura ukwo dukora ibintu
Kuberako turondera guhangana n’ubusumbasumbane mu murwi wacu, turategura buri gihe gusomera hamwe inyandiko z’abahinga b’amakaminuza kugira ngo dukuremwo inyigisho twese hamwe; umwe wese araramukirwa kurongora ibikorwa, umurongozi ajaho twishimikije ibice bine dufatiye ku burambe n’inyungu za buri muntu: kwiyumvira nk’abahinga, ivyahinyanyuwe n’abahinga mugucapa, ibikorwa vy’abaharanira agateka ka muntu, ingaruka z’inyigisho.
Twese twaritabiriye inyigisho zigirishwa n’abandi kandi twese twarabaye abigisha ahandi turabaabigishwa. Tubikora, turondera kugukuraho bimwe biboneka ikinogo c’ukwo tubona itandukaniro hagati y’ “abigishwa”, bakeneye guhabwa inyigisho, n’ “abahinga-bigisha” bazoha ubumenyi “abigishwa” canke “abashakashatsi bo mu bihugu bikenye” bazegeranya ivyavuye muvyigwa- bizoheza bigasuzumwa n’abahinga bo ‘mubihugu biteye imbere’.
Aho kurondera gukorana n’igitigi kinini, twiyumviriye gukorana n’imirwi itatu y’abantu cumi cumi b’i Uvira na Gatumba mukiringo umugambi wose uzomara. Harimwo abahinga mugucapa/gushushanya, abaharananira agateka k’abakenyezi, abadandaza batobato b’abakenyezi, hamwe n’abantu bakozweko cane n’amazi ya Rusizi baba hafi y’umupaka uhindagurika ukwo umeze. Umurwi wa Uvira urongowe na Caucus des Femmes, urimwo kandi abaserukira ubutegetsi hamwe n’abari mumashirahamwe adaharanira inyungu za politique, kugire twigire hamwe intererano z’uwumugambi mumategeko ategurwa n’uruhara rw’abaharanira agateka k’abakenyezi.
ifoto yerekana ibikorwa vyo gucapa muri Uvira n’i Bujumbura
Mumwanya wose twakoze, twagumye duhindura intambuko dukoresha mugusangira inyigisho. Ubwambere, igice kinini mukiringo c’amasaha atatu twakoze kubicapo, kwiyumvirira hamwe n’ukuganira kumpinyanyuro twahisemwo nk’akarorero, kwiyumva nk’urukwavu mugihe uriko ujabuka umupaka. Mumwanya utari munini, twasozerera mukwandika inyandiko zisigura igicapo cacu.
Twiyumviriye yuko dushobora kuzifashisha izo nyandiko ngufi ngufi kugire dutegure inyandiko ndende(blogs) inyuma y’ikiringo categuriwe uruganda rwo gucapa rumwe rumwe. Twashaka gukuraho burundu ikimanga hagati y’uburyo bwari buhasanzwe bwo kwegeranya ivyerekeye ubushakashatsi hamwe n’uburyo bwo gusesangura ivyavuye ivyavuye muri ubwo bushakashatsi, hamwe n’ugushira bose kukivi kuburyo bagira uruhara mu ntambuko zo kwandika. Ariko rero izo nyandiko ngufi ngufi ntizisigura neza kuburyo bwimbitse nkuko ibiyago bishimikiye kurizo bitanga insiguro kuberako bacapa kumpapuro atakiriko. Dufatiye kuruwo mwihezo, KIOKA- ishirahamwe rijejwe ubuhinga bwo gushushanya muri uwu mugambi- ryarateguye inganda zishimikiye ku bicuba n’amazina n’imyimenyerezo yo kwandika.Iruhande yivyo, bivanye n’umwanya muremure w’integuro y’ibikorwa (uburyo, ikibanza, ibikoresho) umwanya muto usigaye twawukoresha mukwicara, kwiyumvira, gusoma, guhanahana ivyiyumviro, no kwandika. Kubera ivyo, umurwi wose w’abashakashatsi wakoresheje amezi abiri yose mukwiyumvira kuri ibi bikorwa, gushiramwo intumbero atari mvamakungu ishigikira agateka k’umukenyezi muvyiyumviro vyaba vyatanzwe, hamwe n’ugushikirwa n’umuhinga muvyo kwandika.
Inyandiko ziriko zirategurwa, harimwo n’uru nyene, zizohindurwa mu ndimi z’ikirundi n’igiswahili, kugire zizosomwe zongere ziharirirweko n’abantu bashika 30 bazitaba mubikorwa vyimirije.
Vyatwigishije iki? Canke ni ibiki twobandanya kugerageza gukura mu mutwe muvyo twari dusanganywe ?
Iruhande y’umurwi ujejwe ibikorwa misi yose, abandi bantu bane baraduhambije mubikorwa mukiringo c’imisi itatu kugire twiyumvirire hamwe intererano y’ibi bikorwa vyo gucapa munyigisho zitangwa mu mashure n’ama kaminuza. Muribi biyago bidasanzwe, abavyitavye barerekana inguvu kumwe n’intege nke z’iyi ngendo yacu:
Ni umugambi utamnyerewe, nta bitabo mfasha nyigisho ufise, nta ndondazina y’amahoro dufise, nta ntumbero rimwe na rimwe yanditse dukoresha. Ni akaryo ko gusohora ibishobisho, rimwe rimwe bibura n’ukwo tubivuga, tumenyereye ibitabu mfashanyigisho, bitwereka ko umuntu wese ashobora gucapa, abantu bose barashobora gushikiriza ivyiyumviro.
Gucapa ni nko kuvura ihahamuka- thérapie, none igicapo tuca tugikoza iki inyuma?
Ntitwatahuye iciyumviro nyezina kiri inyuma y’uwu mugambi (philosophie du projet), ni gute uzoshirwa mu ngiro ?
Naho twese dusangiye amakenga, twese twiyumvira yuko ari intsinzi iboneka yo gukora ata bikoresho mfashanyigisho vyateguwe vyo kwigishirizako abantu. Gutangura amanama dufise gusa impapuro atacanditseko vyuguruye imiryango itandukanye, kandi vyubahuye benshi mubitavye ibiganiro gusangiza abandi ivyiyumviro vyabo atabwoba bafise. Ariko rero, amahangiro nyamukuru y’umugambi rimwe na rimwe birashika akibagirwa hagati mururwo rugendo.
Mugusozera, kwiyumvirira hamwe kumwe n’insiguro duha ibicapo vyacu, mugihe turiko turabiyagako, tumaze kuva murayo mahuriro, navyo biri mungendo yo kwigisha. Turiga ahandi tukagira ivyo duhanaguye mumutwe muvyavuzwe, ducishije mubiyago mu mirwi kubuhinga dukoresha mugucapa, tukagira ico dushikirije kunteguro z’inyandiko ndende ‘blogs’ za bamwe canke abandi, mukwitegurira intambuko zikurikira za projet, mu kugaruka kukibazo nyamukuru c’umugambi: Ni gute tuzi ivyo tuzi?
Twaribajije ivyigwa turiko turakura koko muri ibi biganiro. Kwiyumvira tubicishije mugucapa kumwe n’inkikuro vyaduhaye gushika kubiyago twugurukiraniye hamwe n’ukwiyumvira vyimbitse. Ariko rero turibaza nimba koko turiko turakura mumitwe inyigisho mvaburayi z’imigambi yo gutsimbataza amahoro. Dusubiyemwo amajambo ya Gioia Kayaga, umuhanzi w’ibicuba n’amazina akaba arongoye KIOKA, twoba koko turiko turegera kure ‘y’ ishusho y’umunyeshure mwiza’? Twoba koko turiko turarondera guhindukira ishusho y’uko ubusumbasumbane bw’ububasha bumeze uno musi? Amwe mumakenga yarukwo ingorane zashinze imizi kandi zatsimbataye zidaseruka mubicapo mugihe ingorane zo gutegura, gukurikira no kwitaba ibi bikorwa bifatanye n’umutekano muke, uruhande umuntu canke uwundi yegamiye muvya politique, ubukene burengeje, ingorane zifatiye kumagara y’abantu, kuronka umuyagankuba, ukuntu ibijanye n’amafranga bitunganije, ubukene bw’ibitoro, etc. Gute twoshikiriza izo ngorane zitagira izina zatsimbataye?
Références
- Anzaldúa, Gloria. 1987. ‘Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza’.
- Campbell, Susanna, David Chandler, and Meera Sabaratnam. 2011. A Liberal Peace?: The Problems and Practices of Peacebuilding. Bloomsbury Publishing.
- Hudson, Heidi. 2016. ‘Decolonising Gender and Peacebuilding: Feminist Frontiers and Border Thinking in Africa’. Peacebuilding 4 (2): 194–209.
- Lugones, María. 2003. Pilgrimages/Peregrinajes: Theorizing Coalition against Multiple Oppressions. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
- Marchais, Gauthier, Paulin Bazuzi, and Aimable Amani Lameke. 2020. ‘“The Data Is Gold, and We Are the Gold-Diggers”: Whiteness, Race and Contemporary Academic Research in Eastern DRC’. Critical African Studies 12 (3): 372–94.
- Salami, Minna. 2020. Sensuous Knowledge: A Black Feminist Approach for Everyone. Bloomsbury Publishing.